Coconut Root Wilt Disease Management: Complete Guide Using Trichoderma

Managing Coconut Root Wilt Disease with Trichoderma: A Sustainable Protocol

Understanding the Disease

Coconut Root Wilt Disease (also known as Coconut Root Wilt or Kerala Wilt) is a debilitating phytoplasma disease primarily affecting coconut palms in Southern India. While Trichoderma cannot cure the phytoplasma infection itself, it plays a critical role in integrated disease management by:

1. Controlling secondary soil-borne fungal pathogens (like Ganoderma, Fusarium, Pythium) that attack weakened roots.

2. Improving root health and vigor, enabling the palm to better cope with the disease.

3. Enhancing nutrient uptake in a compromised root system.

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Step-by-Step Management Protocol Using Trichoderma

1. Product Selection

• Recommended Species: Use a combination of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride.

• Form: High-quality, carrier-based powder or granules with a spore count of at least 2 x 10⁸ CFU/g.

• Source: Always procure from reputable manufacturers or agricultural departments.

2. Application Methods & Dosage

A. Soil Treatment (Basin Application)

• When: At the onset of monsoon (for moisture) and repeated every 4-6 months.

• How:

  1. Clear the basin (1.5m radius) of weeds and debris.

  2. Loosen the topsoil lightly with a fork (avoid damaging roots).

  3. Mix 200-250 grams of Trichoderma formulation with 50 kg of well-decomposed farmyard manure (FYM) or compost.

  4. Apply this mixture evenly in the basin and irrigate lightly.

• Purpose: Creates a protective microbial zone around the root system.

B. Root Feeding / Soil Drenching

• When: For visibly affected palms, during early disease stages.

• Solution: Mix 50 grams of Trichoderma in 10 liters of water. Add 100g of jaggery to support spore multiplication.

• How:

  1. Open 4-6 deep, narrow pits (30cm depth, 5-7cm diameter) within the basin.

  2. Pour 1-2 liters of the suspension into each pit.

  3. Cover with soil.

• Frequency: Repeat quarterly.

C. Treatment of Diseased Tissues

• For palms showing basal stem rot symptoms (often a secondary infection):

1. Remove affected tissues carefully.

2. Apply a paste of Trichoderma mixed with water directly to the wound.

3. Cover with a protective layer.

Critical Do’s and Don’ts

✅ DO:

• Apply Trichoderma during cooler hours (morning/evening).

• Maintain soil moisture after application for 5-7 days.

• Use fresh, quality Trichoderma before its expiry date.

• Combine with organic amendments (FYM, neem cake, compost).

❌ DON’T:

• Apply Trichoderma with or immediately after chemical fungicides/bactericides. Maintain a 15-day gap.

• Expose the product to direct sunlight or high heat.

• Use in waterlogged or severely dry soils.

• Expect Trichoderma to act as a standalone cure. It is a disease suppressant and health promoter.

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Expected Outcomes

With consistent, integrated use of Trichoderma over 12-18 months, you can expect:

• Reduction in secondary root rot infections.

• Improved crown health and reduction in leaf-yellowing/flaccidity.

• Better nut retention and copra yield.

• Longer productive lifespan of affected palms.

Final Note: Coconut Root Wilt Management is a long-term, holistic program. Trichoderma is your key biological ally to improve soil and root health, making the palm more resilient. For severe cases, always consult with your local Agriculture University (e.g., Kerala Agricultural University) or Coconut Development Board experts for a site-specific plan.

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