Mushrooms And Vitamin D | Healthy mushrooms | Biobritte mushrooms
Vitamin D stimulates the synthesis of the calcium transport proteins in the small intestine, enhancing the absorption of dietary calcium and thereby reducing the risk of osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
Adequate vitamin D is also important for muscle function and reducing the risk of falls in the elderly and may help protect against some cancers, respiratory disease in children, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes although current evidence for non-skeletal benefits is inconclusive.
Although vitamin D is classified as a vitamin, it can be produced by the body in sufficient quantities when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
If sunlight exposure is limited, dietary sources of vitamin D are required to maintain healthy circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.
It is estimated that 1 billion people worldwide are vitamin D-deficient (25(OH)D concentrations ≤50 nmol/L), with the prevalence of excess of 50% being commonly reported in population-based studies.
There are five biological kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista (e.g., algae), and Monera (e.g., bacteria).
Mushrooms reside in the fungal kingdom, making them very different biological entities compared to plants and animals, despite being considered a vegetable from a culinary perspective.
Unlike plants, mushrooms have high concentrations of ergosterol in their cell walls, playing a similar role as cholesterol in animals, i.e., strengthening cell membranes, modulating membrane fluidity, and assisting intracellular transport.
The presence of both ergosterol and vitamin D2 in mushrooms was first reported in the early 1930s.
When exposed to UV radiation, ergosterol in the mushroom cell wall is transformed to pre-vitamin D2, which is then thermally isomerized in a temperature-dependent process to ergocalciferol, commonly known as vitamin D2.
Through a similar process, pro-vitamin D4 (22,23-dihydro ergosterol) from mushrooms is converted to vitamin D4.
All commonly consumed mushrooms have provitamin D4, making them a potential source of vitamin D4 if exposed to UV radiation.
In general, there is a positive correlation between D2 and D4 content in UV-irradiated mushrooms.
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